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About September 1849, Poe prepared a
number of his poems to be printed in a series
of issues of the Richmond Weekly Examiner. Of the fourteen
texts apparently
intended, only two were actually printed, but the remaining texts were
transcribed by Poe's friend F. W. Thomas, who planned to issue a new
edition of Poe's Poems. The manuscript notes left unpublished
after Thomas' death in 1866 have also been lost, but were fortuitously
recorded
by J. H. Whitty and subsequently printed in his collection of The
Complete Poems of Edgar Allan Poe (1911). Mabbott (Poems,
1:583-584) discusses the complicated issues surrounding questions of
accuracy and authenticity of these texts, but generally accepts them
for several poems as
the only source for versions which were presumably
approved by Poe during his last visit to Richmond. (Without the
originals, it is impossible to determine whether or not errors have
been created in the double process of transcription and later of
typesetting, or if Whitty has made any editorial changes. Also unknown
are typographical matters concerning the use of small caps and similar
issues of formatting.)
For those
poems
where the Examiner text essentially agrees with the changes Poe
made in the J. Lorimer Graham copy of RAOP, Mabbott does not
generally list the Examiner as one of the variants, although he
includes all of the titles below in his discussion of the Examiner
proof sheets (1:583). Thus, he gives the Examiner as a variant
for "The
Raven" and "A Dream within a Dream," but not for "The Sleeper" or
"Israfel." For these texts, what Whitty gives usually differs only in
minor matters of punctuation, and Mabbott reasonably asserts that
Whitty's
transcriptions (second hand from those of F. W. Thomas) are not to be
considered reliable for such details. Mabbott is not entirely
consistent in this matter, however, for in his variants for "The
Haunted Palace," he does list the Examiner even though it
disagrees with the J. Lorimer Graham text of RAOP only in one
example of hyphenation and one contraction. Poe is known to have had
his copy of RAOP with him in his trunk (see Savoye, "Two
Biographical Digressions"). It seems likely, then, that for these
poems, the Examiner
text was set from the changes Poe had already made rather than a new
manuscript.
The poems include:
-
" The
Raven"
(printed in the Examiner, September 25, 1849)
-
" Dream-Land"
(printed in the Examiner,
October 29, 1849)
-
" To
My Mother" (Heartman
&Canny give a
publication date as October 29, 1849 [H&C, 1943, p. 183], but
Stovall notes that "a careful check of that paper fails to turn up the
poem" [ Poems, 1965, p. 286]. Whitty says that the text is the
same as that printed by the Southern Literary Messenger in
December 1849)
-
" Lenore"
(Whitty states that
the text followed
that of the Richmond Whig, but "with slight punctuation
changes" which he does not record [ Poems, 1911, p. 213])
-
" Israfel"
(Whitty, Poems,
1911, pp.
24-25)
-
" Ulalume"
(Whitty, Poems,
1911, pp.
82-85)
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